Hydrogen Storage: The Alternative Energy Source
Hydrogen is not an energy source but is a carrier of energy. Hydrogen can retain and deliver consumable energy. It does not exist by itself, but is extracted from compounds that contains hydrogen. It is used in fuel cells to generate power through chemical reaction. Hydrogen storage is a technology for the hydrogen and fuel cell offering applications in onboard vehicular, stationary power, portable power, and transportation.
Hydrogen has low density and high energy per mass, and storage technologies have the potential to higher the energy levels of hydrogen. Either hydrogen can be stored physically or material based. Physical form of hydrogen is gas or liquid; whereas material based hydrogen is stored in compounds.
Storage of hydrogen as gas requires high-pressure tanks and as liquid requires cryogenic temperatures. Hydrogen stored in condensed state on the surface of solids through adsorption (physisorption) or within the matter through absorption (chemisorption) method. Potential elements that can store hydrogen are lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, sodium, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorous.
Storage of hydrogen is a major challenge for stationary, portable, and transportation application due to its low-density property. It is stored in three form gas, liquid, and solid. The density of the hydrogen varies in different forms of storage. This storage is classified into material based and physical based hydrogen storage. Physical based includes hydrogen storage in gas and liquid form.
Hydrogen is stored in stationary fuel cells to produce electricity through electrochemical reaction for end-user including retail, hospitals, telecommunication networks, grocery stores, airports, food processing, and entertainment sectors among others. Stationary power application is used as a backup power in the form of generators. Stationary fuel cells have very low emissions and can be installed anywhere. Stationary fuel cells are very helpful when grid power is unavailable.
Portable fuel cells are mobile electricity generators used for power electronic equipment, rechargeable batteries in electronic products. Portable power provides emergency power solutions at home, command centers, offices, as well as remote construction sites. This application makes a difference in natural disasters and weather emergencies.
Fuel cells along with hydrogen produce electricity for fuel cell vehicles in transportation sector. These vehicles are more efficient compared to conventional vehicles with zero emissions. Transportation application of hydrogen storage is highly used in automobile, electric buses, and aerospace sectors.
In-depth report on global hydrogen storage market by Grand View Research:
https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/hydrogen-storage-market