U.S. And Europe Legislation And Economic Incentives And Bio-based Feedstock

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 U.S. Legislation and Economic Incentives (Current & Future)
                   1.1 Federal Level
                       1.1.1 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
                           1.1.1.1 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
                           1.1.1.2 Farm Bill (2018) - Section 9002, Federal Procurement of Bio-Based Products
                           1.1.1.3 Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - Green Guides (16 CFR Part 260)
                           1.1.1.4 Toxics Substances Control Act (TSCA)
                           1.1.1.5 Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)
                           1.1.1.6 Draft National Strategy to Prevent Plastic Pollution
                           1.1.1.7 USDA's BioPreferred Program
                           1.1.1.8 EPA Waste Reduction Model (WARM)
                           1.1.1.9 National Recycling Strategy (2021)
                           1.1.1.10 Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credits - 26 U.S. Code § 41 - Credit for increasing research activities
                           1.1.1.11 Federal Loan Guarantees for Bio-Based Products
                           1.1.1.12 Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) Program
                           1.1.1.13 Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP)
                       1.1.2 Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
                           1.1.2.1 Clean Competition Act (Proposed)
                           1.1.2.2 American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act
                           1.1.2.3 Climate Leadership and Environmental Action for our Nation’s (CLEAN) Future Act (Proposed)
                   1.2 State Level
Chapter 2 Europe Legislation and Economic Incentives (Current & Future)
                   2.1 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
                       2.1.1 Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (94/62/EC)
                       2.1.2 Directive on Single-Use Plastics (EU 2019/904)
                       2.1.3 Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC)
                       2.1.4 European Commission’s Plastics Strategy (2018)
                       2.1.5 European Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy (2018)
                       2.1.6 REACH Regulation (2006/1907/EC)
                       2.1.7 Eco-Modulation of EPR Fees
                       2.1.8 Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP)
                   2.2 Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
                       2.2.1 CBAM Regulation (EU 2021/0214)
Chapter 3 Projected Economic Incentives
                   3.1 Bio-Based Materials
                   3.2 Biodegradable Materials
                   3.3 Carbon Reduction
                   3.4 Other Criteria (Circular Economy Practices, Sustainable Agriculture, Green Infrastructure, and Electric Vehicle Infrastructure)
Chapter 4 Bio-Based Feedstock that Address Non-Food Source and Non-Deforestation
                   4.1 Raw Material Trends
                       4.1.1 Algae
                       4.1.2 Agricultural Residues
                       4.1.3 Municipal Solid Waste
                       4.1.4 Industrial Waste (Sawdust, Paper Mill Sludge, Bagasse)
Chapter 5 Adoption Trends of Bio Materials
                   5.1 Consumer Demand for Sustainability
                   5.2 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiatives
                   5.3 Legislative Mandates and Policies
                       5.3.1 Impact on Adoption of Bio Materials