Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Methodology And Scope
1.1. Research Methodology
1.2. Research Scope And Assumptions
1.3. Information Procurement
1.3.1. Purchased Database
1.3.2. GVR’s Internal Database
1.3.3. Secondary Sources & Third-party Perspectives
1.3.4. Primary Research
1.4. Information Analysis
1.4.1. Data Analysis Models
1.5. Market Formulation & Data Visualization
1.6. Data Validation & Publishing
Chapter 2. Executive Summary
2.1. Market Outlook
2.2. Segmental Outlook
2.3. Competitive Insights
Chapter 3. Market Variables, Trends, And Scope
3.1. Market Lineage
3.2. Industry Value Chain Analysis
3.3. Video Management System Market - Market Dynamics
3.3.1. Market Driver Analysis
3.3.1.1. Increasing Security Concerns
3.3.1.2. Smart City Initiatives
3.3.2. Market Restraint Analysis
3.3.2.1. High Initial Costs
3.3.3. Industry Challenges
3.4. Business Environmental Tools Analysis: Video Management System Market
3.4.1. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
3.4.1.1. Bargaining Power Of Suppliers
3.4.1.2. Bargaining Power Of Buyers
3.4.1.3. Threat Of Substitution
3.4.1.4. Threat Of New Entrants
3.4.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
3.4.2. Pestle Analysis
3.4.2.1. Political Landscape
3.4.2.2. Economic Landscape
3.4.2.3. Social Landscape
3.4.2.4. Technology Landscape
3.4.2.5. Environmental Landscape
3.4.2.6. Legal Landscape
3.5. Economic Mega Trend Analysis
Chapter 4. Video Management System Market: Component Estimates & Trend Analysis
4.1. Video Management System Market, By Component: Key Takeaways
4.2. Video Management System Market: Component Movement Analysis, 2022 & 2030
4.3. Software
4.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
4.4. Services
4.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
4.4.2. Professional Services
4.4.3. Managed Services
Chapter 5. Video Management System Market: Technology Estimates & Trend Analysis
5.1. Video Management System Market, By Technology: Key Takeaways
5.2. Video Management System Market: Technology Movement Analysis, 2022 & 2030
5.3. Analog-based Vms
5.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
5.4. Ip-based Vms
5.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 6. Video Management System Market: Deployment Estimates & Trend Analysis
6.1. Video Management System Market, By Deployment: Key Takeaways
6.2. Video Management System Market: Deployment Movement Analysis, 2022 & 2030
6.3. Cloud
6.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
6.4. On-premises
6.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 7. Video Management System Market: Enterprise Size Estimates & Trend Analysis
7.1. Video Management System Market, By Enterprise Size: Key Takeaways
7.2. Video Management System Market: Enterprise Size Movement Analysis, 2022 & 2030
7.3. Small & Medium Size Enterprise
7.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
7.4. Large Enterprise
7.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 8. Video Management System Market: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis
8.1. Video Management System Market, By Application: Key Takeaways
8.2. Video Management System Market: Application Movement Analysis, 2022 & 2030
8.3. Security & Surveillance
8.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.4. Intelligent Streaming
8.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.5. Advanced Video Management
8.5.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.6. Data Integration
8.6.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.7. Navigation Management
8.7.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.8. Storage Management
8.8.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.9. Others
8.9.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 9. Video Management System Market: End-user Estimates & Trend Analysis
9.1. Video Management System Market, By End-user: Key Takeaways
9.2. Video Management System Market: End-user Movement Analysis, 2022 & 2030
9.3. BFSI
9.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
9.4. Government
9.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
9.5. IT & Telecommunication
9.5.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
9.6. Healthcare And Life Sciences
9.6.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
9.7. Manufacturing
9.7.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
9.8. Transportation And Logistics
9.8.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
9.9. Others
9.9.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 10. Video Management System Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis
10.1. Video Management System Market: Regional Movement Analysis, 2022 & 2030
10.2. North America
10.2.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.2.2. U.S.
10.2.2.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.2.3. Canada
10.2.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.3. Europe
10.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.3.2. Germany
10.3.2.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.3.3. UK
10.3.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.3.4. France
10.3.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.4. Asia Pacific
10.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.4.2. China
10.4.2.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.4.3. Japan
10.4.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.4.4. India
10.4.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.4.5. South Korea
10.4.5.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.4.6. Australia
10.4.6.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.5. Latin America
10.5.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.5.2. Brazil
10.5.2.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.5.3. Mexico
10.5.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.6. Middle East & Africa
10.6.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.6.2. Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia (Ksa)
10.6.2.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.6.3. UAE
10.6.3.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
10.6.4. South Africa
10.6.4.1. Market Estimates And Forecasts, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 11. Competitive Landscape
11.1. Company Categorization
11.2. Company Market Positioning
11.3. Company Heat Map Analysis
11.4. Strategy Mapping
11.5. Company Profiles/listing
11.5.1. ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
11.5.1.1. Overview
11.5.1.2. Financial Performance
11.5.1.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.1.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.5.2. HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.
11.5.2.1. Overview
11.5.2.2. Financial Performance
11.5.2.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.2.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.5.3. SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SE
11.5.3.1. Overview
11.5.3.2. Financial Performance
11.5.3.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.3.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.5.4. AXIS COMMUNICATIONS AB
11.5.4.1. Overview
11.5.4.2. Financial Performance
11.5.4.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.4.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.5.5. JOHNSON CONTROLS
11.5.5.1. Overview
11.5.5.2. Financial Performance
11.5.5.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.5.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.5.6. HANGZHOU HIKVISION DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
11.5.6.1. Overview
11.5.6.2. Financial Performance
11.5.6.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.6.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.5.7. NETAPP, INC.
11.5.7.1. Overview
11.5.7.2. Financial Performance
11.5.7.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.7.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.5.8. ZHEJIANG DAHUA TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
11.5.8.1. Overview
11.5.8.2. Financial Performance
11.5.8.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.8.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.5.9. VERINT SYSTEMS INC.
11.5.9.1. Overview
11.5.9.2. Financial Performance
11.5.9.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.9.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.5.10. LTIMINDTREE LIMITED
11.5.10.1. Overview
11.5.10.2. Financial Performance
11.5.10.3. Product Benchmarking
11.5.10.4. Strategic Initiatives
List of Tables
Table 1 Video Management System - Industry snapshot & key buying criteria, 2017 - 2030
Table 2 Global video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 3 Global video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 4 Global video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 5 Global video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 6 Global video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 7 Global video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 8 Global video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 9 Global video management system market estimates and forecasts by region, 2017 - 2030 (USD million)
Table 10 Video Management System market by software, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 11 Video Management System market by services, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 12 Video Management System market by professional services, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 13 Video Management System market by managed services, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 14 Video Management System market analog-based VMS, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 15 Video Management System market by IP-based VMS, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 16 Video Management System market by cloud, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 17 Video Management System market by on-premises, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 18 Video Management System market by small & medium size enterprise, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 19 Video Management System market by large enterprise, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 20 Video Management System market by security & surveillance, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 21 Video Management System market by intelligent streaming, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 22 Video Management System market by advanced video management, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 23 Video Management System market by data integration, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 24 Video Management System market by navigation management, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 25 Video Management System market by storage management, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 26 Video Management System market by others, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 27 Video Management System market by BFSI, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 28 Video Management System market by government, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 29 Video Management System market by it & telecommunication, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 30 Video Management System market by healthcare and life sciences, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 31 Video Management System market by manufacturing, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 32 Video Management System market by transportation and logistics, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 33 Video Management System market by others, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 34 North America video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 35 North America video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 36 North America video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 37 North America video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 38 North America video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 39 North America video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 40 North America video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 41 U.S. video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 42 U.S. video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 43 U.S. video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 44 U.S. video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 45 U.S. video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 46 U.S. video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 47 U.S. video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 48 Canada video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 49 Canada video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 50 Canada video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 51 Canada video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 52 Canada video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 53 Canada video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 54 Canada video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 56 Europe video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 57 Europe video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 58 Europe video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 59 Europe video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 60 Europe video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 61 Europe video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 62 Europe video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 63 UK video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 64 UK video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 65 UK video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 66 UK video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 67 UK video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 68 UK video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 69 UK video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 70 Germany video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 71 Germany video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 72 Germany video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 73 Germany video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 74 Germany video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 75 Germany video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 76 Germany video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 77 France video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 78 France video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 79 France video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 80 France video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 81 France video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 82 France video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 83 France video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 84 Asia Pacific video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 85 Asia Pacific video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 86 Asia Pacific video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 87 Asia Pacific video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 88 Asia Pacific video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 89 Asia Pacific video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 90 Asia Pacific video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 91 China video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 92 China video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 93 China video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 94 China video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 95 China video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 96 China video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 97 China video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 98 Japan video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 99 Japan video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 100 Japan video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 101 Japan video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 102 Japan video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 103 Japan video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 104 Japan video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 105 India video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 106 India video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 107 India video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 108 India video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 109 India video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 110 India video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 111 India video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 112 Australia video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 113 Australia video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 114 Australia video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 115 Australia video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 116 Australia video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 117 Australia video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 118 Australia video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 119 South Korea video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 120 South Korea video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 121 South Korea video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 122 South Korea video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 123 South Korea video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 124 South Korea video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 125 South Korea video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 126 Latin America video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 127 Latin America video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 128 Latin America video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 129 Latin America video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 130 Latin America video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 131 Latin America video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 132 Latin America video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 133 Brazil video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 134 Brazil video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 135 Brazil video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 136 Brazil video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 137 Brazil video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 138 Brazil video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 139 Brazil video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 140 Mexico video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 141 Mexico video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 142 Mexico video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 143 Mexico video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 144 Mexico video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 145 Mexico video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 146 Mexico video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 147 MEA video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 148 MEA video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 149 MEA video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 150 MEA video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 151 MEA video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 152 MEA video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 153 MEA video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 154 KSA video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 155 KSA video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 156 KSA video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 157 KSA video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 158 KSA video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 159 KSA video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 160 KSA video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 161 UAE video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 162 UAE video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 163 UAE video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 164 UAE video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 165 UAE video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 166 UAE video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 167 UAE video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 168 South Africa video management system market, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 169 South Africa video management system market by component, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 170 South Africa video management system market by technology, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 171 South Africa video management system market by deployment, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 172 South Africa video management system market by enterprise size, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 173 South Africa video management system market by application, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 174 South Africa video management system market by end-user, 2017 - 2030 (USD Million)
List of Figures
Fig. 1 Research Process
Fig. 2 Market Formulation
Fig. 3 Market segmentation and scope
Fig. 4 Video Management System market, 2017 - 2030
Fig. 5 Video Management System - Value chain analysis
Fig. 6 Video Management System market dynamics
Fig. 7 Key Opportunities Analysis
Fig. 8 Video Management System market share by component, 2022 & 2030
Fig. 9 Video Management System market share by technology, 2022 & 2030
Fig. 10 Video Management System market share by deployment, 2022 & 2030
Fig. 11 Video Management System market share by enterprise size, 2022 & 2030
Fig. 12 Video Management System market share by application, 2022 & 2030
Fig. 13 Video Management System market share by end-user, 2022 & 2030
Fig. 14 Video Management System market share by region, 2022 & 2030
Fig. 15 North America marketplace: Key takeaways
Fig. 16 Europe marketplace: Key takeaways
Fig. 17 Asia Pacific marketplace: Key takeaways
Fig. 18 Latin America marketplace: Key takeaways
Fig. 19 MEA marketplace: Key takeaways